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Planar Magnetic Technology for Headphones Planar magnetic technology is being revived by a handful of specialized HiFi audio companies. These companies make headphones using old-fashioned planar drivers that provide a rich sound signature. This paper examines the intrinsic properties of a planar magnet device by looking at winding conduction loss leakage inductance, and winding capacitance. A method is also suggested to reduce these parasitic elements. Low vertical height or low profile As compared to traditional wire-wound magnets Planar magnetic technology has less profile and better efficiency. It also minimizes leakage and capacitance. This allows for the use of a smaller core employed, which reduces the cost of the device. Furthermore, it does not require any clamping of the magnets. This makes it suitable for use in power electronics devices. Another advantage of planar magnetic technology is that it is lighter and smaller than traditional headphones. It can also handle a wider range of frequencies without distortion. This is due to the diaphragm that is flat in these devices is typically composed of a thin film with a conductor trace. This film can react quickly to audio signals and produce high sound pressure levels. The audio produced by these devices will be more acoustic and more detailed. This is why it is highly favored by audiophiles, specifically those who like listening to music at office or at home. It is important to remember, however, that a planar magnetic driver requires an amplifier that is powered and a digital audio converter (DAC) to work effectively. The resulting sound is much more natural and precise than that of dynamic drivers. Planar magnetic drivers can also respond more quickly to changes in the audio signal, which means they are perfect for listening to music that is fast. Despite their advantages they do have some drawbacks. One of these is their cost, which can be attributed to the large amount of magnetic material required to run. Their weight and size can be a hindrance particularly when they are being used as portable devices. Wide band gap (WBG) devices Wide band gap (WBG) semiconductors are materials that have better electrical properties than traditional silicon-based devices. They can withstand larger current density and higher voltages, as well as lower switching losses. They are therefore suitable for optoelectronics and power electronics applications. Wide band gap semiconductors like silicon carbide and gallium nitride can provide significant improvements in performance, size and cost. They are also more environmentally friendly than traditional silicon devices. These attributes make them attractive to companies that make satellites and aerospace. Planar magnetic drivers work using the same principles as dynamic drivers. An electrical conductor moves between magnets that are fixed when audio signals travel through them. Planar magnetic drivers, however, use a flat array with conductors that are attached or embedded into a thin diaphragm-like film instead of a coil. Conductors function as a set of 'coils' that sit directly on the diaphragm and are positioned between two magnets, creating the aforementioned push/pull interaction that causes the diaphragm to move. This technology creates distortion-free music reproduction. It also has a unique sound that many people find pleasing. The driver moves uniformly and quickly due to the even distribution of magnetic force across the entire surface as well as the lack of a coil behind the diaphragm. This produces a clear and precise sound. The resulting sound is known as isodynamic, orthodynamic, or magnetically-incident. However, because of their complicated design and higher price, headphones using planar magnetic drivers are typically more expensive than those using other driver technologies. However, there are a number of excellent, affordable options such as the Rinko by Seeaudio and S12 / Z12 by LETSHUOER that have recently been released. Power electronics Planar magnetics can disperse heat more efficiently than wire wound components. This lets them handle more power without causing excessive stress or strain that is audible. This makes them perfect for applications such as headphones. Planar magnetics are more efficient and offer higher power density. The technology is particularly suited for applications such as fast charging of electric vehicles batteries, battery management, and military systems. Compared to dynamic driver headphones which use a diaphragm that's suspended by a voice coil, planar magnetic drivers operate using a different method. When an electromagnetic signal is sent through the array and the magnets on the opposite side of the diaphragm get pushed together creating a push-pull phenomenon. created. This creates soundwaves that move the diaphragm and generate audio. Planar magnetic devices are more efficient than conventional magnetics due to the fact that they have a higher surface-to volume ratio. This means they are able to disperse more heat, which allows them to operate at higher frequencies of switching without exceeding their maximum temperature ratings. They also have lower thermal sensitivities than wire-wound devices. This allows them to be used in more compact power electronics circuits. To optimize a planar-boost inductor, designers should take into consideration a variety of factors, including core design winding configuration, losses estimation, and thermal modeling. Ideally, the inductor should have a low leakage and winding capacitance and be easy to integrate into PCBs. Moreover, planar earphones must be able to handle high currents and have a tiny size. The inductor must be compatible with multilayer PCBs with through-hole or SMD packaging. Moreover, the copper thickness needs to be thin enough to prevent eddy currents from entering the layers and to prevent thermal coupling between conductors. Planar winding based on Flex circuits In the field of planar magnetic technology, flex circuit-based windings can be employed to make an inductor with high efficiency. They are made with one-patterned dielectric film and one-patterned copper foil. The most popular choice is copper foil, which has excellent electrical properties and is processed to permit termination features on both sides. The conductors of a flex-circuit are joined with thin lines that extend beyond the edges of the substrate. This allows for the flexibility required for tape-based automated bonding. Single-sided flex circuits are available in a variety of thicknesses and conductive coatings. In a typical pair of planar headphones, the diaphragm is set between two permanent magnets that vibrate in response to the electric signals sent by your audio device. The magnetic fields create an audio wave that travels across the entire surface of diaphragm. This piston-like motion prevents distortion and breakups. Planar magnetic headphones are able to reproduce a variety of frequencies, especially at lower frequencies. The reason for this is that the headphones with planar magnetics have a wider surface than conventional cone-shaped speakers, allowing them move more air. They can also reproduce bass sound at greater clarity and detail. However the headphones that are planar magnetic are expensive to make and require a powered amplifier and DAC to function effectively. They are also heavier and bigger than traditional drivers, making them difficult to transport. In addition, their low impedance requires a lot of power to drive them and can quickly add up when you're listening to music at a high volume. Stamped copper winding Utilizing stamped copper windings in planar magnetic technology could increase the window utilization factor and lower manufacturing costs. The technique involves making grooves into the coil body to hold the windings in an accurate layer. This helps prevent deformations of the coil and improves tolerances. It also reduces the amount of scrap that is generated during manufacturing and increases quality assurance. This kind of planar coil is usually used in contactor coils and relay coils. It is also used in ignition coils and small transformers. It can also be used for devices with wire thicknesses up to 0.05mm. The process of stamping produces an even winding with a high current density. The windings will be precisely placed. Contrary to traditional dynamic drivers that use a conductor voicecoil behind the diaphragm to produce sound waves the planar magnetic headphones comprise a range of conductors that are flat and placed directly on the thin diaphragm. The conductors vibrate when electronic signals are applied. This causes the motion of pistons that produce sound. Planar magnetic headphones produce a higher-quality sound than other kinds of audio drivers. In addition to reducing weight and costs, this technology can also increase the frequency of planar magnetic transducers. This is significant because it permits them to operate in a larger frequency range. It also reduces the power requirements of the driver. This technology is not without certain disadvantages. It is difficult to develop a diaphragm made of thin film capable of enduring the high temperatures required by this technology. However, manufacturers like Wisdom Audio have overcome this challenge by developing an adhesive-free option that can withstand temperatures of up to 725degF (385degC). This allows them to create audio with the highest quality without compromising durability and longevity.